![dreaming in deep sleep dreaming in deep sleep](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/1TQ78GpROR0/maxresdefault.jpg)
Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) and Orexin are two other neurotransmitters that appear to promote wakefulness, decrease during deep sleep, and prevent paradoxical sleep. The same injections in waking humans produce paradoxical sleep, but only when the monamine neurotransmitters are already depleted. Carbachol has a similar influence, mimicking the effect of acetylcholine on neurons. This inhibitor effectively increases available acetylcholine. It’s been discovered that injections of acetylcholinesterase inhibitor can induce paradoxical sleep in both humans and other animals already experiencing slow-wave sleep. Monoamine neurotransmitters serotonin, histamine, and norepinephrine are completely unavailable. When compared to slow-wave deep sleep, both paradoxical and waking sleep involve higher use of acetylcholine (the neurotransmitter) which may well explain the faster brainwaves.
![dreaming in deep sleep dreaming in deep sleep](https://buzzsharer.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/pug-sleeping-squishy.jpg)
In REM sleep, brain energy as measured by glucose and oxygen metabolism, equals or exceeds energy-use in waking. It’s when they move into the visual cortex that they exhibit their highest amplitude, thus causing the rapid eye movements in paradoxical sleep. Approximately every six seconds during the transition from deep to paradoxical sleep, these waves occur in clusters and last for between one and two minutes. The punctuated REM sleep is immediately preceded by ponto-geniculo-occipital (PGO) waves, which are electrical bursts of activity originating from the brainstem. It’s believed that the chemical and electrical activity that regulate this sleep phase originate in the brain stem, and this is most notably characterized by a combination of an abundance of acetylcholine (a neurotransmitter), and the almost complete absence of serotonin, histamine, and norepinephrine (monoamine neurotransmitters). This stage of sleep is also known as ‘paradoxical sleep,’ or ‘desynchronized sleep’, due to the physiological similarities to a person’s waking states which includes low-voltage, rapid, desynchronized brainwaves. It is present in all mammals and has unique physiologic properties that distinguish it from non-REM sleep. REM sleep is a stage of sleep that is characterized by low muscle tone, rapid eye movements and dreams.
![dreaming in deep sleep dreaming in deep sleep](https://ehonami.blob.core.windows.net/media/2015/03/drug-free-way-sleep-better-800x600.jpg)
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